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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Complementary code keying</span></h1>
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<p>Le <i><b>complementary code keying</b></i> (CCK) est un procédé de <a href="Modulation_du_signal" title="Modulation du signal">modulation du signal</a> numérique basé sur le codage de bits permettant d'obtenir les séquences de débits 5,5 Mbit/s et 11 Mbit/s dans la <a href="Bande_de_fr%C3%A9quences" title="Bande de fréquences">bande de fréquences</a> des 2,4 GHz. Ce procédé est utilisé pour les transmissions de données par liaison sans fil (WLAN) et, plus particulièrement, décrit dans le standard <a href="IEEE_802.11b" title="IEEE 802.11b">IEEE 802.11b</a> appartenant au groupe de normes <a href="IEEE_802.11" title="IEEE 802.11">IEEE 802.11</a> (<a href="Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>).
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>
<p>La modulation CCK, codifiant le signal à transmettre, s'effectue à l'aide d'une suite de huit symboles complexes représentant des modulations codées en bloc. Cette suite définit un mot de code C à partir de quatre valeurs de phase <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{1},\varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{1},\varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7dfd4d052bdec4562a7d9db00dd2b937effc69f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.322ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{1},\varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}" loading="lazy"></span>. La formulation mathématique du mot de code C est la suivante:
<span style="display: block; margin-left:1.6em;"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {C} =\left\{e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{3}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{3}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{4})},-e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{3})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{3})},-e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2})},e^{j\varphi _{1}})\right\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">C</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>}</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {C} =\left\{e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{3}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{3}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{4})},-e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{3})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{3})},-e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2})},e^{j\varphi _{1}})\right\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/96ef8f1223678761e1d1dafe058a441b574213b2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:98.262ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {C} =\left\{e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{3}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{3}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{4})},-e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{4})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2}+\varphi _{3})},e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{3})},-e^{j(\varphi _{1}+\varphi _{2})},e^{j\varphi _{1}})\right\}}" loading="lazy"></span></span>
avec <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {C} =\left\{c0,c2,...,c7\right\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">C</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>}</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {C} =\left\{c0,c2,...,c7\right\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2dc657c3f900787e3e9de025d2966336820c6454.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.066ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {C} =\left\{c0,c2,...,c7\right\}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modulation_CCK_à_5,5_Mbit/s"><span id="Modulation_CCK_.C3.A0_5.2C5_Mbit.2Fs"></span>Modulation CCK à 5,5 Mbit/s</h2></div>
<p>Le mot de code C est représenté par 4 bits (d0 à d3) transmis par symbole. Le premier terme <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7daf493c8f6ef669c04c7b9715532fc35d12d60.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.574ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> est encodé par les deux premiers bits d0 et d1 selon une modulation différentielle basée sur DQPSK. Les bits d2 et d3, quant à eux, encodent les valeurs de phase <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8e3e2d9dcfb70f445ad589007c96704c4c3c5d0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.714ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modulation_CCK_à_11_Mbit/s"><span id="Modulation_CCK_.C3.A0_11_Mbit.2Fs"></span>Modulation CCK à 11 Mbit/s</h2></div>
<p>Dans ce cas, le mot de code C est représenté par 8 bits (d0 à d7) transmis par symbole. Les bits d0 et d1 encodent <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7daf493c8f6ef669c04c7b9715532fc35d12d60.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.574ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> de la même manière que le codage CCK à 5,5 Mbit/s. Les phases <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8e3e2d9dcfb70f445ad589007c96704c4c3c5d0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.714ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{2},\varphi _{3},et\varphi _{4}}" loading="lazy"></span> sont encodées par les bits d2 à d7 à l'aide de la table d'encodage <a href="Phase-shift_keying" title="Phase-shift keying">QPSK</a> suivante&nbsp;:
</p>
<table class="wikitable alternance centre" style="text-align:center">

<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Bits [di,d(i+1)]
</th>
<th scope="col">Phase <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/70503774fb21be77396899900d3aa1e47d8f9e10.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.32ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{i}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">00
</th>
<td>0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">01
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi /2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi /2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b44e3d874a0b229fded7ffce67a0677dd5b8b67.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.657ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi /2}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">10
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">11
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 3\pi /2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 3\pi /2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/09655a98d098a8c76316e0e418ce22759077897c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.819ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 3\pi /2}" loading="lazy"></span> (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -\pi /2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -\pi /2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4644f935f59f6d1bac8c2ef618246eee6c1f07b3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.465ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -\pi /2}" loading="lazy"></span>)
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lien_interne">Lien interne</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Phase-shift_keying" title="Phase-shift keying">Phase-shift keying</a> (modulation PSK)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3></div>
<ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11b-1999.pdf">Document IEEE 802.11b accessible sur le site de l'IEEE Standards Association</a></li></ul>
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